Intervenção do enfermeiro de saúde familiar, ao nível da literacia em saúde sobre obesidade e excesso de peso, nos pais e crianças dos 2 aos 17 anos: Relatório de Estágio em Enfermagem de Cuidados de Saúde à Família em contexto de USF / Relatório de Estágio em Enfermagem de Cuidados de Saúde à Família em contexto de USF: Intervenção do enfermeiro de saúde familiar, ao nível da literacia em saúde sobre obesidade e excesso de peso, nos pais e crianças dos 2 aos 17 anos / Family health nurse intervention, at the level of health literacy on obesity and overweight, in parents and children aged 2 to 17: Family Health Care Nursing Internship Report in the USF context

Introdução: A prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade infantil tem crescido ao longo dos anos e possuem uma forte influência no desenvolvimento de comorbilidades, tornando-se essencial que o EEESF possua uma estratégia de intervenção no âmbito da literacia dos pais e crianças, de forma a reduzir o seu impacto negativo durante a infância e vida adulta. Metodologia: Para estudar esta intervenção foi realizada uma RSL, através da pesquisa de estudos publicados nos últimos 5 anos, nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e MEDLINE via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Desta pesquisa, obtiveram-se oitenta e um artigos, dos quais se excluíram 4 duplicados. Dos setenta e sete restantes, sessenta foram excluídos na primeira triagem pelo título e pelo resumo, sobrando dezassete que não correspondiam aos critérios de elegibilidade, por não estudarem a atuação dos EEESF. Contudo, foram identificados 4 artigos através de busca por citação, dos quais 3 foram incluídos na análise (um Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), um protocolo e uma carta ao editor). Resultados: Constatou-se que o EEESF possui um papel essencial na identificação e prevenção do excesso de peso e obesidade infantil, mas não se encontraram evidências suficientes para responder de forma conclusiva à questão de investigação. Conclusão: No excesso de peso e obesidade infantil é de extrema importância o envolvimento multidisciplinar e de particular relevância o envolvimento da família. A intervenção mais eficaz continua a ser a modificação dos hábitos e estilo de vida, e o seu sucesso dependente da motivação da criança e sua família.

Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has grown over the years and has a strong influence on the development of comorbidities, making it essential that the EEESF has an intervention strategy within the literacy of parents and children, in order to to reduce its negative impact during childhood and adulthood. Methodology: To study this intervention, an RSL was carried out, through a search for studies published in the last 5 years, in the PubMed, LILACS and MEDLINE databases via the Virtual Health Library (VHL). From this research, eighty-one articles were obtained, of which 4 duplicates were excluded. Of the remaining seventy-seven, sixty were excluded in the first screening based on the title and abstract, leaving seventeen that did not meet the eligibility criteria, as they did not study the activities of the EEESF. However, 4 articles were identified through citation searching, of which 3 were included in the analysis (a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), a protocol and a letter to the editor). Results: It was found that the EEESF has an essential role in identifying and preventing excess weight and obesity in children, but insufficient evidence was found to conclusively answer the research question. Conclusion: In childhood overweight and obesity, multidisciplinary involvement is extremely important and family involvement is of particular importance. The most effective intervention continues to be the modification of habits and lifestyle, and its success depends on the motivation of the child and their family.

Quantification of forensic genetic evidence: Comparison of results obtained by qualitative and quantitative software for real casework samples.

To overcome the multifactorial complexity associated with the analysis and interpretation of the capillary electrophoresis results of forensic mixture samples, probabilistic genotyping methods have been developed and implemented as software, based on either qualitative or quantitative models. The former considers the electropherograms' qualitative information (detected alleles), whilst the latter also takes into account the associated quantitative information (height of allele peaks). Both models then quantify the genetic evidence through the computation of a likelihood ratio (LR), comparing the probabilities of the observations given two alternative and mutually exclusive hypotheses. In this study, the results obtained through the qualitative software LRmix Studio (v.2.1.3), and the quantitative ones: STRmix™ (v.2.7) and EuroForMix (v.3.4.0), were compared considering real casework samples. A set of 156 irreversibly anonymized sample pairs (GeneMapper files), obtained under the scope of former cases of the Portuguese Scientific Police Laboratory, Judiciary Police (LPC-PJ), were independently analyzed using each software. Sample pairs were composed by (i) a mixture profile with either two or three estimated contributors, and (ii) a single contributor profile associated. In most cases, information on 21 short tandem repeat (STR) autosomal markers were considered, and the majority of the single-source samples could not be a priori excluded as belonging to a contributor to the paired mixture sample. This inter-software analysis shows the differences between the probative values obtained through different qualitative and quantitative tools, for the same input samples. LR values computed in this work by quantitative tools showed to be generally higher than those obtained by the qualitative. Although the differences between the LR values computed by both quantitative software showed to be much smaller, STRmix™ generated LRs are generally higher than those from EuroForMix. As expected, mixtures with three estimated contributors showed generally lower LR values than those obtained for mixtures with two estimated contributors. Different software products are based on different approaches and mathematical or statistical models, which necessarily result in the computation of different LR values. The understanding by the forensic experts of the models and their differences among available software is therefore crucial. The better the expert understands the methodology, the better he/she will be able to support and/or explain the results in court or any other area of scrutiny.

Evaluation of InnoQuant® HY and InnoTyper® 21 kits in the DNA analysis of rootless hair samples.

Forensic laboratories frequently receive biological samples from crime scene investigations with limited DNA in terms of quantity and quality. Hair shafts are a common type of evidence constituting an ideal sample for DNA testing. Nevertheless, the majority of these hairs are rootless. In an attempt to facilitate the analyses of such samples, new DNA quantification (InnoQuant® HY) and amplification (InnoTyper® 21) kits were developed, using mobile elements as molecular markers. The main advantage of the InnoTyper® 21 kit is its ability to amplify short DNA fragments (60-125 bp), overcoing the difficulties in the amplification of samples with low DNA quantity and/or quality. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to evaluate the efficiency of these two kits in rootless hair samples. In this study, the InnoQuant® HY kit revealed that nearly 94% of the samples presented moderate to high DNA degradation, allowing the selection of the most suitable amplification protocol to be applied. The InnoTyper® 21 kit revealed that nearly 95% of the samples presented amplification peaks in its genetic profiles (GP). However, 60% of these samples did not present a good enough quality to be reported according to the Best Practice Manuals (BPMs), guidelines and documents published by the DNA Working Group of European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI). Moreover, in approximately 23% of the amplified samples, GPs with enough quality to be reported were retrieved, 10% of which exhibiting a complete GP. The use of this kit allowed obtaining results which could not be produced by the kits routinely used at forensic laboratories. These results demonstrated that InnoQuant® HY and InnoTyper® 21 kits are reliable alternatives for the analysis of nuclear DNA in challenging samples such as rootless hair shafts.

Internal validation of two new retrotransposons-based kits (InnoQuant® HY and InnoTyper® 21) at a forensic lab.

Obtaining a genetic profile from pieces of evidence collected at a crime scene is the primary objective of forensic laboratories. New procedures, methods, kits, software or equipment must be carefully evaluated and validated before its implementation. The constant development of new methodologies for DNA testing leads to a steady process of validation, which consists of demonstrating that the technology is robust, reproducible, and reliable throughout a defined range of conditions. The present work aims to internally validate two new retrotransposon-based kits (InnoQuant® HY and InnoTyper® 21), under the working conditions of the Laboratório de Polícia Científica da Polícia Judiciária (LPC-PJ). For the internal validation of InnoQuant® HY and InnoTyper® 21 sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and mixture tests and a concordance study between these new kits and those currently in use at LPC-PJ (Quantifiler® Duo and GlobalFiler™) were performed. The results obtained for sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility tests demonstrated that both InnoQuant® HY and InnoTyper® 21 are robust, reproducible, and reliable. The results of the concordance studies demonstrate that InnoQuant® HY produced quantification results in nearly 29% more than Quantifiler® Duo (indicating that this new kit is more effective in challenging samples), while the differences observed between InnoTyper® 21 and GlobalFiler™ are not significant. Therefore, the utility of InnoTyper® 21 has been proven, especially by the successful amplification of a greater number of complete genetic profiles (27 vs. 21). The results herein presented allowed the internal validation of both InnoQuant® HY and InnoTyper® 21, and their implementation in the LPC-PJ laboratory routine for the treatment of challenging samples.